Subsistence farmers rely on cassava for a vital energy source, as it can be planted and harvested throughout the year, tolerates periods of unpredictable drought and grows on marginal soils (Hillocks and Thresh, 2002). Storage roots are used as a fresh carbohydrate source and can also be processed into flour, which may be consumed by the grower's family, sold in local markets or used to produce several industrial food products (Hillocks and Thresh, 2002). In Africa, cassava is the second most important food staple in terms of per capita calories consumed (Nweke, 2004). We provide insights into current CBSD knowledge, management efforts and future prospects for improved understanding needed to underpin effective control and mitigation of impacts on food security.Ĭassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz, family Euphorbiaceae) produces carbohydrate‐rich storage roots, which are a staple food crop for approximately 800 million people worldwide. This review reflects on 80 years of CBSD research history (1936–2016) with a timeline of key events.

This recent re‐emergence has attracted intense scientific interest, with studies shedding light on CBSD viral epidemiology, sequence diversity, host interactions and potential sources of resistance within the cassava genome. However, at the turn of the 21st century, CBSD re‐emerged further inland, in areas around Lake Victoria, and it has since spread through many East and Central African countries, causing high yield losses and jeopardizing the food security of subsistence farmers. For approximately 70 years, CBSD was restricted to coastal East Africa and so had a relatively low impact on food security compared with CMD. CBSD was first reported in 1936 from northeast Tanzania. Unfortunately, productivity in East and Central Africa is severely constrained by two viral diseases: cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). Cassava is the second most important staple food crop in terms of per capita calories consumed in Africa and holds potential for climate change adaptation.

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